Modal expressions in Japanese | Total umber of examples | Modals used in both TA and TB | No modal expression in TA | No modal expression in TB | No modals in both TA and TB | Othersa |
suru sooda (hearsay) | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
nichigainai (“must [be]”) | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - |
Kamoshirenai (“may [be]”) | 17 | 17 | - | - | - | - |
Rashii (“look like, seem, appear”) | 19 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
Yooda (“look like, seem, appear”) | 17 | 11 | 3 | - | 2 | - |
(shi) sooda (“look like, seem, appear”) | 6 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 |
(osoraku/ookata/sazo/kitto) … daroo (“probably/must [be]” … conjectural auxiliary) | 102 | 59 | 28 | 3 | 11 | 1 |
ne (sentence final particle) | 61 | 18 | 7 | 7 | 28 | 1 |
yo (sentence final particle) | 94 | 30 | 26 | 10 | 28 | - |
noda (“may [be]”) | 469 | 63 | 43 | 42 | 298 | 23 |
wakeda (“may [be]”) | 6 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |